Gambling is an activity in which people place something of value, such as money, on an event with a chance of winning another item of value. It includes all forms of betting, such as the lottery, casino games, cards, bingo, slot machines, instant scratch tickets, races and sports events, dice, and roulett. It also involves a skill element such as making the best decisions under pressure or maintaining logic in stressful situations.
The vast majority of individuals engage in gambling as a social and recreational activity. However, some individuals become seriously involved in gambling to the extent that it negatively impacts their personal, family, and financial lives. These individuals may exhibit a variety of warning signs, including a frequent urge to gamble, unsuccessful attempts to control or cut back gambling, lying about the extent of their involvement, jeopardized relationships and employment opportunities, and a reliance on others for funds.
Research has shown that gambling can trigger the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward, which can lead to a reliance on gambling as a coping mechanism. Moreover, the variable reinforcement aspect of gambling – wherein rewards are unpredictable and intermittent – can reinforce a person’s desire to continue gambling. Additionally, gambling can act as an escape from unpleasant emotions and stressors, which can also be problematic.
Many individuals who experience adverse consequences of gambling are referred to as problem gamblers, compulsive gamblers, or pathological gamblers. The understanding of these individuals has undergone a significant change since 1980, with the introduction of a diagnosis of disordered gambling in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
Although it is not possible to prevent an individual from engaging in harmful gambling behaviour, there are some strategies that can help reduce the risk of addiction. These include strengthening the support network, finding other ways to occupy the mind and body, and avoiding triggers. Identifying and avoiding triggers can be helpful, such as rethinking the route to work if it passes a casino, turning off TV shows that encourage gambling, leaving credit cards at home, and changing social activities. It is also helpful to learn coping skills, such as mindfulness, that can be used in difficult situations.
Ultimately, a person who is experiencing harm from their gambling should seek therapeutic and financial advice. However, it is important to remember that the only person who can control their behaviour is the individual themselves. Therefore, it is important to inform the person of their gambling behaviour and the negative impact that it is having on their life. It is also essential to remind them that they are not alone and that there are others who can provide support. They may be able to recommend a gambling counsellor or other professional assistance. In addition, a healthy diet and adequate rest can improve resilience to stress and enhance recovery. Finally, a regular exercise program can help manage stress and reduce cravings.